The internet offers endless ways for young people to express themselves, learn new things and connect with others. But for too many, it’s also a place where harassment, name-calling and threats feel impossible to escape.
Nearly half of U.S. teens (46%) have experienced cyberbullying,[1] and the effects don’t stop when they put their devices down. Being mocked, targeted or excluded can lead to isolation, self-doubt and emotional distress — all of which can contribute to lasting mental health challenges.
If a loved one is experiencing online bullying, understanding what they’re going through — and how to support them — can make a difference. Let’s explore how bullying affects mental health, signs to watch for and how to support a child or teen's mental health.
Consequences of online bullying for mental health
With easy access to phones, tablets and computers, cyberbullying on social media can happen anywhere at any time. This consistent exposure can have serious consequences for kids and teens, affecting their confidence, sense of safety and overall well-being. Here’s how cyberbullying may lead to various mental health challenges.
Social anxiety
Public humiliation, exclusion or criticism online can create a fear of judgment that extends into everyday life. Many people start second-guessing what they say and do, staying quiet during conversations and avoiding social situations — even with those they trust. If this continues, it can become social anxiety, making it even harder to connect with others and navigate daily life.
Depression
Social media bullying can wear down self-esteem and make young people feel powerless to change their situation. Over time, that pain can turn into deep sadness and hopelessness, sometimes becoming so overwhelming that it can lead to depression, including thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
Eating disorders
Social media is filled with unrealistic beauty and fitness standards. When criticism or comments about weight or appearance become part of the conversation, they can further intensify negative self-comparisons and lower self-esteem. For some, this pressure can lead to disordered eating behaviors like restrictive eating, purging or excessive exercise in an effort to meet unrealistic expectations.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
When someone is repeatedly harassed or targeted and not able to stop or avoid it, their feeling of having no control over their circumstance is reinforced. To cope, some kids and teens develop obsessive behaviors, like constantly checking messages or overanalyzing interactions.
While these behaviors may bring temporary relief, they can become intrusive over time. This can contribute to or worsen OCD symptoms — especially for adolescents under stress.
Suicide risk
Research shows that cyberbullying can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and attempts among young adolescents[2] This is likely because ongoing harassment can lead to depression, anxiety and low self-esteem — risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
For those already coping with trauma, family issues or other mental health challenges, relentless online criticism can feel impossible to manage. If your loved one is having thoughts of suicide, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. Early support can make a life-saving difference.
How to spot the signs of online bullying
Online bullying can be incredibly difficult for kids and teens to handle, yet many choose not to talk about it. Some feel embarrassed or worry they won’t be taken seriously. Others fear that speaking up will mean losing their phone or internet access — something that can make them feel even more isolated.
While many teens won’t mention what’s happening, shifts in mood, behavior or social habits can signal something isn’t right. Here are some signs to watch for:
- Getting upset or anxious after using their phone or computer
- Seeming on edge when they get a message or notification
- Being secretive about their online activity or avoiding talking about it
- Wanting to stop using their devices altogether
- Spending more time alone in their room
- Pulling away from family, friends or activities they once enjoyed
- Avoiding school or social events
- Having sudden shifts in mood, grades, sleep or appetite
- Lashing out or acting frustrated more often at home
If you think your loved one may be struggling in silence, checking in can help them feel seen and supported. Your reassurance can make it easier to set boundaries and navigate online spaces in ways that feel safer for them.
Six ways to help your child feel safe online
It’s natural to want to protect your child, and while you may have considered taking away their devices, this can actually do more harm than good. Instead, focus on building trust and offering support with these tips to help guide your conversations, set boundaries and take action together.
1. Start the conversation with care
Ask questions about their social media experiences and how they feel online. Let them share what’s happening without judgment or rushing to fix it. By staying curious and supportive, you’ll show them they can come to you if they feel unsafe.
2. Talk about safety and privacy
Remind them not to share personal information like their full name or location online. Review privacy settings together and encourage them to block or report unkind or threatening behavior. If needed, have them save screenshots of messages or posts, too.
3. Set flexible boundaries
Suggest small, manageable steps like setting time limits for social media, turning off notifications during meals and/or logging off an hour before bedtime. These boundaries can give them a chance to recharge and distance themselves from negativity without feeling cut off.
4. Be clear it’s not their fault
Let your child know that bullying says more about the bully than it does about them. Remind them that no one deserves to be treated unkindly and that online comments or opinions don’t define them. It can help to share that you’re proud of them for speaking up, too.
5. Pause and reflect together
Help your child notice how they feel before and after using apps or scrolling through posts. Regular check-ins can create space to talk about what feels good, what doesn’t and when it might be time to take a break.
6. Reach out for extra support if needed
If bullying continues or feels unmanageable, involve a counselor, school counselor, therapist or other trusted adult for help or guidance. This can help reassure your child they don’t have to face this alone.
How to seek help for your loved one
If online bullying is making it harder for your loved one to get through the day — whether it’s affecting their mood, relationships or daily responsibilities — it may be a sign to seek professional support.
At Pathlight Mood & Anxiety Center, we specialize in treating anxiety, depression and other mental health challenges that are a consequence of bullying. Our expert care team customizes treatment plans to help kids and teens overcome personal challenges and live the life they want and deserve.
You and your loved one don’t have to face online bullying alone. Call 866-622-5914 or reach out for a free assessment today. One conversation can make a difference.
