Eating Disorder Facts & Myths

Despite increased prevalence of eating disorders in the United States, widespread misconceptions about eating disorders remain that challenge identification, diagnosis and early intervention. To truly protect and advocate for their children, it is important that parents understand the truth behind common eating disorder myths.

Myth: Eating disorders aren’t serious illnesses.
Truth: Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) are very real and very serious mental illnesses. Each disorder has clear diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, the go-to diagnostic reference for mental healthcare professionals. Another reason to take eating disorders seriously is that they can be deadly. Anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. In fact, women ages 15 to 24 years of age who suffer from anorexia nervosa are 12 times more likely to die from the illness than any other cause of death.^**

Myth: Eating disorders are just about food.
Truth: While eating disorders generally involve obsession with calories, weight or shape, these illnesses are rooted in biological, psychological and sociocultural aspects. Restriction, bingeing, purging or over-exercise behaviors usually signify an attempt to control something of substance in the individual’s life. Because friends and family mistakenly believe that eating disorders are just about food, they will often encourage their loved ones to “just eat more,” “just eat less,” or “just eat healthier” to be “cured” of this illness. In reality, eating disorders often require some combination of medical, psychiatric, therapeutic and dietary intervention to achieve full recovery.

Myth: Eating disorders are a women’s illness.
Truth: While research shows that eating disorders affect significantly more women than men, these illnesses occur in men and boys as well. While males used to represent about 10 percent of individuals with eating disorders, a recent Harvard study found that closer to 25 percent of individuals presenting for eating disorder treatment are male. The widespread belief that eating disorders only affect women and girls can prevent accurate diagnosis of an eating disorder in a man or boy, even among healthcare experts.

Because most eating disorders (approximately 95 percent) surface between the ages of 12 and 25, parents are often a first line of defense against the development of these illnesses in their children.^*

Myth: Eating disorders don’t develop until the teenage years.
Truth: Consider this—research found that up to 60 percent of girls between the ages of 6 and 12 are concerned about their weight or about becoming too fat, and that this concern endures through life.*** Not surprisingly, the incidence of eating disorders in children is on the rise. Between 1999 and 2006, hospitalizations for eating disorders in children 12 and younger rose 119 percent, according to a 2010 study by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Myth: Only very thin people have an eating disorder.
Truth: While anorexia is characterized by extreme low weight, many individuals struggling with bulimia, binge eating disorder and EDNOS are normal-weighted. The misconception that an eating disorder can only occur if someone is very thin contributes to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis in many cases, even among those patients seeking support from medical and mental healthcare professionals. Unfortunately, many healthcare experts lack eating disorder exposure and training, which highlights the important role of eating disorder specialists to ensure effective diagnosis and early intervention.
 
In addition to educating themselves about basic eating disorder information and understanding myth from fact, parents should also trust their instincts when it comes to eating disorders in their children. Eating disorders can thrive in secrecy, but parents often intuitively know if something is wrong with their children. While parents may feel terrified of saying the wrong thing, but also not want to stay silent, they are an important champion for diagnosis and effective treatment. If concern arises, consult with an eating disorder specialist sooner rather than later—early intervention is critical to lasting eating disorder recovery.

Myth: You can tell if someone has an eating disorder by looking at them.
Truth: People who suffer with eating disorders come in all shapes and sizes.  The media and other public discussions about eating disorders often focus on a specific diagnoses: anorexia, wherein sufferers often display the symptom of being severely underweight.  Individuals who suffer from eating disorders can be of any weight, and they can fluctuate in weight
 
Myth: Eating disorders are caused by the media.
Truth: Many people are exposed to the media on a daily basis but only a small percentage of them actually develop eating disorders.  Eating disorders are complex and serious illnesses that have biological, genetic and psychological roots.  The media can certainly impact how a person feels about their looks, and promote a great deal of pressure to look a certain way, but the media does not cause eating disorders.
 
Myth: Eating disorders are a result of dysfunctional families.
Truth: Historically, parents, especially mothers, have been blamed for mental illnesses, including eating disorders.  However parents do not cause eating disorders.  Eating disorders are complex disorders and it is known that a person’s risk for developing an eating disorders is due in large part to genetic factors.  Parents, or other caretakers and supports play an integral role in helping a loved one with an eating disorder to recover.
 
Myth: recovery from eating disorders is rare.
Truth: Recovery is absolutely possible.  Due to the complexity of eating disorders, recovery can take months or years, but with treatment, many people do recover. 

Eating disorder facts

• Eating disorders are very serious, and even deadly, illnesses.
• Eating disorders are not just about food.
• Eating disorders don't just affect women.
• People get eating disorders at all ages.
• People can be of any weight or body type and have an eating disorder.
• Families don't cause eating disorders.
• You CAN recover from an eating disorder. 

*Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), The Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), offices of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
**American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 152 (7), July 1995, p. 1073-1074, Sullivan, Patrick F.
***T.F. Cash & L. Smolak (Eds.), Body Image: A Handbook of Science, Practice, and Prevention. New York: Guilford Press. 2011.